Logic Gates, Transistors, and Memory Cells | Minecraft Redstone Engineering Tutorial

Hello and welcome to the first episode of the redstone engineering series in this video we’re going to go over logic gates transistors and memory cells all of these are used in circuits that we might encounter both on stream and in tutorials so with that let’s just jump right in all right

The first gate that i want to talk about is the not gate the not gate inverts the input to its opposite state which is actually just your classic redstone torch so if the input is off the output is on and if the input is on the output is off while relatively

Simple it forms the basis for a lot of redstone circuits including a lot of the other gates so it’s really important to have a good handle on how this works exactly the next gate that i want to talk about is the or gate the or gate is made

Simply by adding together both of the inputs like this and is only off when both of the inputs are off so when you have both the inputs it’s off and then when one or more of the inputs are on the output is on this is relatively straightforward but

It gets more complex when you start adding it to more complex circuits and we use the not gate and the or gate to make both the and gate and the xor gate so it’s important to have a good handle on this gate as well all right the next cube that i want to

Talk about is the and gate the and gate is a little bit more complicated to build because there’s no fundamental operation such as adding together our redstone or using redstone torch that will give us the and gate directly we have to build it using a combination of not gates and or gates

So we build it by first inverting our two inputs separately which can be done like this or can be done down or whatever your circuit would require and then we add together this input and then we invert it one more time and this will give us the and gate the

And gate’s only on if both of your inputs are on so right now it’ll be off it’ll be off it’ll be off and now it’ll be on this is very useful if you want to add a lever that can disable your circuit where you attach one side

To the lever and one side to the rest of the circuit so the lever has to be on in order to carry through the signal to the rest of the circuit but if it’s off nothing happens and you effectively disable your circuit like that

So the last gate is the xor gate or the exclusive or gate this gate is by far the most complicated one to build and i recommend avoiding it when you can but if you can’t avoid it it’s very useful to know because sometimes for example activating

A door from two separate levers like one on one side one on the other side and making them act as if they’re independent is really hard to do without using an xor gate so in order to build it we first take the inputs and we invert them twice just so we have

The signal twice and we or gate one of them and we actually and gate the inputs because this whole thing is just an and gate to here and then we mix these signals and then we invert both of those and then we origate them together and i’ll bring it

Up just so we can see it over there the exclusive or gate is only on when the inputs are different and it’s off when the inputs are the same so right now they’re the same so it’s off then we have one of them different we have the other one

Different and then when they’re the same it turns off again like i said i would recommend trying to avoid this one because it is rather spacious and it can be more expensive than the other gates but it’s really hard to avoid in certain instances so it’s important to know how

To build this one all right before we end the gates section i should mention that the nand gate and the nor gate both exist in minecraft we don’t really care because they’re both just the not versions of the and gate and the or gate respectively

And with the and gate you just take away the torch because it would cancel out the torch in front and with or gate you just add a torch there we don’t care in minecraft because that is quite literally what it is however if you read stuff that’s not oriented towards minecraft

They exist because the actual irl circuitry is different so i thought i should mention that just in case you do encounter it okay so the next thing i want to cover are transistors transistors are kind of digital switches where they physically cut off the circuit depending on one of your inputs

So the way i build transistors and it doesn’t matter how you do it as long as it works properly and this can be built vertically or horizontally or whatever your circuit requires but you have one input i usually call input one but doesn’t matter and you use the other input to control

Whether or not this actually connects to the rest of the circuit so this is your output over here and if this is on but this is off the actual output is off or if this is on then it’s whatever the input is surprisingly this has a very similar

Logic table to the and gate and what which one you use in what instance just depends on your circuitry however transistors are very useful for when this input is pulsing and you need to sync it up properly because this physically cuts off the circuit so you’re not going to have any

Weird edge effects if these two kind of pulse at different times it’ll still go through but it won’t end up pulsing something that shouldn’t so that is usually when i use it for example we made a shift register and that requires transistors over and gates because we have a lot of pulses

Happening and we need to physically cut off the circuits okay so the last thing i want to go over are memory cells memory cells are very useful for when you need to extend a signal past how long it gives you so for example using an observer or a

Button which just gives you a pulse you can put it into a memory cell and then use it whenever you want as long as you have a way to reset it there are a number of ways to build these there is one way using comparators which we’ll get to in the comparator video

There another way is to use a loop of just two redstone torches which is what we’ll do now it doesn’t matter how you build these you can do them however you’d like and however much space you have as long as you connect two torches together like this so

You use one of these signals to set it and one of these signals to reset it and it doesn’t matter which one you use so we’re going to take this one as our kind of set output and we attach our set button to this and we attach our

Reset button to the other one so we erase it like that so now our signal is off and this would be attached to a door or something and then we press the button and it turns it on indefinitely and then this button would be like on

The other side of the door and you reset it afterwards this is also very useful in circuits that require extending observer signals such as the ice farm the ice farm relies very heavily on observer signals and it becomes very useful to be able to use those for an indefinite amount of time and

Then they reset when we need them to it’s also very useful for redstone door locks because the door lock you want to be able to reset when you’re in so that the next person can’t just go through and you don’t want to have to go and reset manually a bunch of levers or

Something so use buttons with memory cells that you can wipe on the other side of the door there are many other uses for it but those are very common uses